Manx Shearwater - 1894

Species account from M Mathew, 1894, "The Birds of Pembrokeshire and its islands"

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Pomarine Skua - ageing and morphs

Stercorarius pomarinus  

Age and or morph was recorded for most Pomarine Skua sightings. Fewer adults than other ages were recorded. Adults made up 37 % of the total in the Strumble Head series between 1982 and 2003.

 When the highest day totals were recorded, on the 17th October 1991 and on the 18th October 1991, during a recovery movement in strong north–west winds, following south–west gales which had presumably displaced unusually high numbers into Cardigan Bay, only 25 % and 18 % respectively were adults, suggesting immature birds were more susceptible to the immediate effect of extreme weather.

Light- phase made up the bulk of the adult sightings, dark-phase birds amounting to less than 1% of the total.

Graham Rees

(Covers records up to and including 2006)

Pomarine Skua - spring passage

Stercorarius pomarinus

The Pomarine Skua has been of erratic occurrence in spring, involving small numbers between the 8th April and the 18th June. Singles have been recorded from Caldey, St Govan’s Head, Skokholm, Skomer, Grassholm, The Smalls, Druidston, Newgale, Ramsey and Strumble Head, with two together at Amroth on the 4th May 2003 and a party of five passed Skokholm on the 28th May 1991.

One seen at The Smalls on the 28th February 1983 may have been an early migrant or possibly over wintering in the general sea area.

Graham Rees

(Covers records up to and including 2006)

Pomarine Skua - autumn passage

Stercorarius pomarinus  .

The Arctic breeding range of the Pomarine Skua is almost circumpolar, being mainly correlated with the variable distribution of Lemmings. Migrants seen in north-west Europe are en route to or from wintering areas off west Africa, which lie largely north of the Equator.

The Pomarine Skua was first recorded for Pembrokeshire by Mathew (1894), who commented “a few are to be seen every autumn, and after heavy gales large flocks are observed.”  Lockley et al (1949) considered he could have been wrong, as they knew of only four occurrences during their time, the only one dated being on the 21st September 1930.

There were seven records involving 11 birds during the next 28 years. With the exception of 1979 they have been recorded annually since 1976. Most were seen in the autumn, between August and December and predominantly at Strumble Head.

 

N. B. The discrepancy between the 1991 total and that given by Donovan and Rees (1994) is because of additional records received since publication of that work.

Totals August to November 1980 – 2006.Values are expressed in six day intervals, the last period in months of 31 days have been adjusted from seven day totals by dividing by seven and multiplying by six.

Daily totals were small, normally involving less than 20 birds, with the following exceptions: 22 on the 20th October 1984, 30 on the 10th November 1985, 59 on the 7th October 1988, 97 on the 17th October 1991, 130 on the 18th October 1991, 20 on the 4th September 1992, 24 on the 20th October 1999, 27 on the 6th November 1999 and 21 on the 4th December 1999.

There were only six other bird days recorded in the month of December over the whole period from 1980 to 2006, the latest being on the 27th in 1990 and 1999. Early occurrences were of single birds on the 21st and 22nd July 1990 and 24th July 1998.

Away from Strumble Head, autumn records of one to four birds were noted off Fishguard, from the Fishguard to Rosslare ferry, Ramsey, Newgale, The Smalls, in the Celtic Deep, Skomer, Skokholm, St Govan’s Head and Amroth, with 11 at St David’s Head on the 5th November 1999.

Graham Rees

(Covers records up to and including 2006)

References

DONOVAN. J and REES. G. 1994. Birds of Pembrokeshire, Dyfed Wildlife Trust.

LOCKLEY. R. M, INGRAM. C. S. and SALMON. H. M.1949. The birds of Pembrokeshire, West Wales Field Society.

MATHEW. M. 1894. The birds of Pembrokeshire and its islands, R. H. Porter

Pomatorhine Skua - 1894

Species account from M Mathew, 1894, "The Birds of Pembrokeshire and its islands"

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Black-winged Stilt

Himantopus himantopus

Vagrant.

The Black-winged Stilt is a breeding summer visitor to mainland Europe from wintering grounds in Africa.

The Black-winged Stilt was first recorded in Pembrokeshire on the 24th July 1967, when G. T. McTaggart , a postman delivering mail, came across one on a small pond near Narberth.

The second was at West Dale, also visiting the Gann, between the 3rd and 6th April 1987.

On the 19th March 1990 a Black-winged Stilt was noticed wading in flood water at Penally by an alert observer travelling on a passing train, it remained until the 30th March.

Another was at Skokholm on the 7th and 8th May 1990, where it was frequently harassed by breeding Lapwings.

Graham Rees.

(Covers records up to and including 2008).

Great Northern Diver - 1894

Species account from M Mathew, 1894, The Birds of Pembrokeshire and its islands

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Black-throated Diver - 1894

Species account from M Mathew, 1894, The Birds of Pembrokeshire and its islands

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Red-throated Diver - 2005 status

Gavia stellata

Winter visitor and passage migrant.

The Red–throated Diver has a circumpolar Arctic breeding distribution, the nearest nesting to Pembrokeshire being in Scotland. Those on the eastern side of the Atlantic winter southwards to the Bay of Biscay, sometimes entering the Mediterranean.

Mathew (1894) and Lockley et al (1949) considered the Red-throated Diver to be a common winter visitor. The former gave no actual counts and the latter noted only a group of 20 off the west coast and 15 off Giltar Point.

Bertram Lloyd (1939) recorded all the Red–throated Divers seen during his intermittent visits to the county during the period 1929 – 37.  The places he saw them coincided with localities where they were noted in the 1980’s and 1990’s, as did the numbers involved. This led Donovan and Rees (1994) to think that perhaps this diver’s status had not changed in the previous 60 years or so.

Dickenson and Howells (1962) commented that almost every winter small numbers of Red–throated Divers had been seen off both the west and south coasts of Pembrokeshire, from mid October to the end of April. That they had been recorded within Milford Haven and Fishguard Harbour and that R. M. Lockley had told them that he recorded them frequently on his winter journeys from Skokholm to the mainland between 1927 and 1940. They went on to note that from the numbers recorded in the last decade it is possible that a decrease had taken place since the 1930’s.

The average number recorded in the 1930’s was 10 per annum which included 43 noted in 1930. The average recorded from 1952 to 1961, the period covered by the Dickenson and Howells review, was only 5 per annum, the most in any year being 10 in 1961.

The average on record for the years 1963 to 1982 was 6 per annum, the maximum in any year being 23 in 1973. How much credence can be put into these statistics being representative of the true picture is brought into question, when considering that in the period 1983 to 2002 an average of 225 per annum were put on record, the largest total in a year being 394 in 2001.

There was a marked increase in the number of active observers during the 1980’s and 1990’s, they possessed ever improving optical aids and most had the discipline to contribute their observations to the communal record. These are likely to be the factors that explain the upsurge in records, rather than there being an increase in the number of Red–throated Divers visiting Pembrokeshire.

TOTALS RECORDED 1983 – 2005

These totals have been calculated by summing the maximum for each locality in each season and the number seen visibly migrating. They do not attempt to assess any possible turnover in numbers at specific sites and the migrant totals would have been influenced by the amount of time spent watching from headlands and islands. It is likely therefore that the totals represent the minimum presence in local waters.

References

DICKENSON. H and HOWELLS. R. J. 1962. Divers in Wales, Nature in Wales 8.

DONOVAN. J and REES. G. 1994. Birds of Pembrokeshire, Dyfed Wildlife Trust.

LLOYD. B. 1929-1939 Diaries, National Museum of Wales.

LOCKLEY. R. M, INGRAM. C. S. and SALMON. H. M.1949. The birds of Pembrokeshire, West Wales Field Society.

MATHEW. M. 1894. The birds of Pembrokeshire and its islands, R. H. Porter

Red-throated diver - winter

Gavia stellata

Red – throated Divers have been recorded all around the outer coast in winter, normally 1 – 10 at most localities but some places have been more favoured, where up to 50 have sometimes been recorded , such as the Strumble Head tide races, various parts of St Bride’s Bay and off Amroth.

They have also shown an ability to temporarily accumulate at what were presumed to be good food sources and hence demonstrated a great deal of mobility within the region. Occurrences of this nature were up to 75 at Goultrop Roads 1st – 19th January 1996, 60 there on 19th January 1997, up to 40 in January 1998, peaking at 85 on the 23rd, 60 on 16th December 1998 decreasing to 22 by 31st December. A similar attraction was noted at Amroth in 1993 when 200 were present on 20th February, decreasing to 25 by 27th February but then 145 there on 6th March.

Mathew (1894), Lockley et al (1949) and Lockley (1961) emphasised the importance of the Milford Haven waterway for Red – throated Divers. Post 1961 none were recorded there until 1981, since when they have been noted in 18 years, up to 2006.

Most records have involved single birds, occasionally two together, with three at the Gann on 1st April 2006, six Monk Haven/ Gann area 3rd – 19th January 2003 and seven Dale Roads on 10th February 2002. All records refer to the region between Dale Roads, Angle Bay and South Hook Point, save for singles at Picton Ferry 17th January 1981, Llangwm 12th October 1992, Carew-Cresswell 12th December 1993 and 10th March 1985, Garron Pill 20th March 1997 and five Carew River on the 5th December 1982.

The Red – throated Diver is predominantly a marine species in Pembrokeshire, with just four singles being recorded on fresh water, viz. Bicton Reservoir 9th April 1967, Hayston Hall November 1985 and Llys y fran Reservoir 21st December 1993 and 16th January to 22nd February 1986.

Red-throated diver - 1980s winter atlas

Gavia stellata

The BTO atlas covering the winters of 1981-82, 1982-82 and 1983-84 shows a similar distribution to that described above.

The darker the colour, the higher the relative total count for each 10km square.  The darkest blue represents 8+ birds, with the highest count being 16 seen at Strumble.

Red-throated diver - Sea Empress oil spill

Gavia stellata

The tanker “Sea Empress” grounded outside the Heads approaching the Milford Haven waterway on the 15th February 1996. Approximately 72,000 tonnes of crude oil and 360 tonnes of heavy fuel oil spilled into the sea between the 15th and 21st of February. Further fuel oil was spilled when the ship was moved to Belfast.

The waterway within Milford Haven was heavily coated and much of the oil was carried south and east to affect the south Pembrokeshire coast and Carmarthen Bay. The offshore islands were not heavily contaminated nor was St Bride’s Bay, with no oil reported north of St David’s Head.

123 Red – throated Divers were known to be in Pembrokeshire waters in January and February prior to the oil spill, the largest concentrations being 10 at Fishguard Harbour, 17 at Frainslake, 20 off Amroth and 75 in Goultrop Roads. Of these, only the Amroth birds were in the badly oiled area, as were five at Freshwater East.

Ten oiled birds were collected from the south coast of Pembrokeshire but a further 49 from the nearby affected coasts of Carmarthenshire and West Glamorgan (SEEC, 1996). Those at Goultrop Roads disappeared and may well have been involved in the movement of 96 passing Strumble Head, going into Cardigan Bay, on the 25th February.

References

SEA EMPRESS ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION COMMITTEE, Initial Report, 1996.